Working Principle And Role of The Pressurizing Device in Rotary Drilling Rigs

The pressurizing device is a critical component of rotary drilling rigs, primarily responsible for applying vertical downward pressure to the drill rods and drill bit, enhancing drilling efficiency and performance. By combining hydraulic systems with mechanical transmissions, the pressurizing device ensures stable drilling in various challenging geological conditions. This article elaborates on the working principle and the role of the pressurizing device in rotary drilling rigs.

1. Components of the Pressurizing Device

The pressurizing device in rotary drilling rigs mainly comprises the following parts:

• Hydraulic System: Includes hydraulic pumps, hydraulic cylinders, and associated pipelines to supply power to the device.

• Guiding Mechanism: Fixes the drill rod and guides it along a predetermined path, ensuring stable pressure transmission.

• Control System: Adjusts the pressure intensity to meet the demands of different geological conditions and construction requirements.

• Counterweight System: Found in some models to assist in enhancing the applied pressure.

2. Working Principle of the Pressurizing Device

The core principle of the pressurizing device is to transmit applied pressure to the drill rod and bit through the hydraulic system. The detailed process is as follows:

1. Hydraulic Power Transmission

• The hydraulic pump generates high-pressure hydraulic oil, which flows through pipelines to the hydraulic cylinder.

• The hydraulic oil drives the piston of the cylinder, producing a powerful downward force.

2. Pressure Transfer to Drill Rod

• The piston's movement transfers pressure through the guiding mechanism to the top of the drill rod, applying force to the entire drill string.

• The drill rod further transmits this pressure to the drill bit, enhancing its contact with the geological layer.

3. Dynamic Pressure Adjustment

• The control system adjusts the flow and pressure of hydraulic oil, achieving precise control over the pressure intensity for different formations.

• In hard rock layers, increased pressure improves drilling efficiency, while in loose soils, reduced pressure prevents collapse.

4. Counteracting Reaction Forces

• During the pressurizing process, the rig's chassis and body use counterweights and stabilizers to balance reaction forces, maintaining machine stability.

3. Role of the Pressurizing Device

The pressurizing device plays a crucial role in rotary drilling rigs, specifically in the following aspects:

1. Enhancing Drilling Efficiency

• In hard rock formations, the drill bit requires substantial downward pressure to fracture the rock. The pressurizing device delivers stable and strong pressure, improving drilling speed.

2. Adapting to Complex Formations

• By adjusting the pressure intensity, the pressurizing device adapts to various geological conditions, including soft soil, sandy soil, and rock formations, broadening the rig's application scope.

3. Ensuring Drilling Quality

• The pressurizing device uniformly transmits pressure to the drill bit, reducing bit vibrations and improving the verticality and precision of the drilled holes.

4. Reducing Mechanical Wear

• Through proper pressure distribution, the pressurizing device minimizes extra wear on drill rods and bits, extending their service life.

5. Enhancing Operational Stability

• The pressurizing device effectively counters geological reaction forces, ensuring stable rig operation during drilling and reducing the risk of accidents.

4. Maintenance Essentials

To ensure the efficient operation of the pressurizing device, attention should be paid to the following maintenance measures:

1. Hydraulic System Inspection

• Regularly check the cleanliness and level of hydraulic oil to prevent pressure abnormalities caused by clogged pipelines or degraded oil.

• Inspect the cylinder seals and replace damaged seals promptly to prevent oil leakage.

2. Guiding Mechanism Maintenance

• Keep the sliding rails and bearings of the guiding mechanism lubricated to prevent rapid wear.

• Ensure the securing components of the guiding mechanism are stable to avoid uneven pressure transmission.

3. Control System Calibration

• Periodically calibrate the pressure sensors and valves in the control system to ensure the pressurizing device responds accurately.

5. Conclusion

As a key component of rotary drilling rigs, the pressurizing device operates on the principle of hydraulic power transmission. Its roles include enhancing drilling efficiency, adapting to various formations, ensuring construction quality, and improving operational stability. A comprehensive understanding of the pressurizing device and regular maintenance significantly enhance the rig's performance, providing reliable support for diverse foundation engineering projects.

END