Drill pipe
Drill pipe is a wearing part, one of the 6 key parts of the drilling rig (main reel, power head, drill pipe, lead, wire rope, drilling tools) and also a frequent failure part. Drill pipe bears the output torque and pressure of the drilling rig, inertial impact of improper operation, and severe vibration of the poor geology of the drilling.
1, the role of the drill pipe: the torque and pressure transfer to the drilling tool.
2、Type of drill pipe: Friction resistance (telescopic type): transferring the pressurized force through the friction resistance generated by the torque load; Machine locking type (telescopic type): transferring the pressurized force through the machine locking point.
3, the choice of drill pipe: the ultimate bearing capacity of more than 500 kPa must consider the use of machine-locked rods. Drilling depth of more than 80 meters can only use friction rod (friction rod than machine lock rod more than 1 section) Note: (with the market demand and technical research and development, the product will be constantly updated)
Drilling Tools
If you want to do a good job, you must first sharpen your tools, and sharpening the knife is not a mistake, all responding to the importance of the drilling bucket.
1, the role of drilling tools: through the output torque and pressure of the drilling rig, the role of the drilling teeth on the drilling tools, cutting and crushing of the geology, and drilling down the soil through different ways to accommodate the bucket and put out of the hole.
2、Types of drilling tools: double-bottomed sand hopper (conventional geology), double-bottomed rock entry (medium difficulty geology) auger (dry hole, rock joints), rock entry cylinder drill (high difficulty geology), pressure wheel cylinder drill, pressure wheel drill (extreme difficulty geology)
Drill teeth
1, the role of drilling teeth: cohesion drilling rig output torque and pressure, through the drilling teeth before the sharp edge of the knife on the geological cutting or crushing.
2、Types of drilling teeth: Bucket teeth: (linear cutter) cutting the geology through the cutting edge in front of the bucket teeth (applicable to conventional geology); cut-off teeth: (point cutter) crushing the geology through the alloy head in front of the cut-off teeth (applicable to high strength geology).
3、Selection of drilling teeth: according to the type of geology selection of drilling teeth, pebble layer (Bao'e teeth: wear-resistant. high strength), conventional geology (bucket teeth: wear-resistant. high strength). High strength), conventional geology (bucket teeth: cutting), hard geology (cut-off teeth: breaking)
Pilot Tip Drilling Tools The first contact and the first device for digging into the geology.
1, the role of the pilot tip: positioning (effective prevention of deviation from the hole), change the cutting sequence (reduce drilling resistance)
2、Type of pilot tip: fishtail type (casting), conical iron plate (thick iron plate cutting and welding), cut-off type: (pilot cut-off seat)
Matching between drilling rig, drill pipe, drilling tools, drilling teeth and pilot tip
According to the type of geology, geological strength, groundwater, pile diameter, pile length, choose the type of drilling rig (100 ~ 500 torque), drilling rod (friction, machine lock), drilling bucket (open type. Bottom type. Spiral. Tubular), drilling teeth (Bao'e teeth, bucket teeth (v19.v20.v35), cut-off teeth), pilot tip (casting, iron plate, cut-off teeth), only a reasonable match between the components can give full play to the performance of the drilling rig.
Drilling resistance
Analyze all the resistance comes from the drilling bucket, so if you want to reduce the load, you have to work on the drilling bucket.
1、Positive resistance: it comes from the pilot tip and drilling teeth, change the type of pilot tip, realize the optimal combination of pilot tip and drilling teeth, the angle of drilling teeth, spacing, etc..
2, side resistance: mud or water has lubrication, reduce side resistance; at the same time, the height of the guide guard, the position of the side teeth can change the side resistance.
3、Internal resistance: conical drilling body, dry hole, the size of the opening of the base plate all affect the internal resistance.
Optimize drilling tools
Drilling tools are not just matched to enhance performance! Whether it is a line tool or a point tool, the drilling concept is to reduce the contact area and increase the drilling capacity, so it is possible to optimize the drilling capacity by using a point. Line. Optimize your drilling tools with a point, line and face based concept.
Mud
Meet the construction requirements, ensure construction safety and improve construction quality. 1, the role of mud: flow rate (wall protection), pressure (support), lubrication (resistance), suspension (slag), shock absorption (buffer), cooling (tooth protection), buoyancy (lift)
2, mud raw materials: bentonite (viscosity wall), cellulose (increase viscosity), alkali (ph value)
3、Mud three indicators: flow rate, specific gravity, sand filter.
4, mixing methods: artificial (churn slurry tank), pump (funnel punch), mechanical (excavator, pump blade)
5、Application of mud pressure: mud pressure increases with depth, so the geology of the deep parts of the pile can be excluded from the danger (collapsed holes, slag), while the shallow pile position due to the mud pressure is small, this time the mud (viscosity) wall protection is more important.
6、Drilling fluid: suitable for simple geology, no wall protection layer, easy to leak slurry, but easy to use, PH value requirements.
Operation control
1、Operation concept:
change the operation mode according to the geological changes to realize the maximization of the performance of the drilling rig under the premise of protecting the equipment.
2、Inspection and maintenance
(1) Inspection: Visually inspect each part before starting: engine, hydraulic, structure, electric.
(2) Instrumentation: Observe the parameters displayed by the instrumentation when rotary drilling.
(3) Real-time monitoring: such as the main reel wire rope, drill pipe, bucket pin insurance, bucket base plate hook, bucket base plate center shaft insurance, drilling teeth.
(4) Geological analysis: can also observe the color, type, particle, block size of the residue taken out to analyze the trend of geological changes.
(5) Safety observation: Observe the mud downflow ripples on the drill pipe when lifting the drill to determine the quality of the mud, whether there is any flopping on the mud level (collapsing the hole), whether there is any slag on the big beam of the drilling bucket (collapsing the hole), and whether there is any bubbling around the shroud (collapsing the hole).
(6) Load observation: Since the power head uses a variable motor, the rotational speed of the drill pipe changes with the load, and the load condition can be known by observing the rotational speed of the drill pipe. Smell: “Listening” is the only way to control and prevent when drilling in the hole by listening due to the construction of hidden works.
(1) Reduce the noise: as far as possible, the engine silencer, cooling fan sound off outside the cab. At the same time the front windshield partially open, as far as possible to let the power head and the main winch (planetary gearbox) sound into the cab (front main reel)
(2) monitoring: through the “listening” real-time monitoring of the entire equipment, the operation of the sound of each system.
(3) Power head sound: through the “listening”; real-time monitoring of the power head planetary reducer sound, can be the first time to perceive the load changes, while judging the geological situation, change the operation control.
(4) Main reel sound: through “listening”; real-time monitoring of the main winch working reducer sound, its sound changes with the load, the first time to sense the main reel up or down load changes, can effectively reduce the wire rope breakage, jamming drilling, clamping drilling, jamming rods, with rod accidents.
Before undertaking the project, you can understand the geology and groundwater situation through the geological report, you can also go to the site to observe the guide drilling exploration core samples to analyze the geology, if there is already a drilling rig construction, you can also ask each other the construction situation to understand the geology and groundwater situation.
When the geology changes, for example, the pebble layer, the vibration frequency transmitted through the drilling tools and drill rods is not the same size, then you can judge the geology through the vibration changes, and at the same time change the mode of operation.
3、Operation and geology
Operation and geology have a close relationship, the first time to know the changes in the geology, which is directly related to the efficiency of the drilling rig, each geological drilling method there are certain differences such as: the number of revolutions of the drilling rod, pressurized stroke, the output torque, drilling depth and so on. If the operation method of any geology is a routine, it not only affects the production efficiency, but also increases the probability of accidents!
4, the operation method:
cutting type (conventional geology), crushing type (soft rock), toggle type (pebble layer, strong weathering local), grinding type (weak weathering . (granite, basalt).
