Views: 0 Author: WU Publish Time: 2024-12-23 Origin: Site
The hoist is one of the essential components of a rotary drilling rig. Its primary function is to lift and move the drill rod and tools by winding and unwinding the steel wire rope, meeting the operational requirements of the rig during construction. Understanding the working principle of the hoist not only aids in its correct operation but also helps prevent malfunctions and improve construction efficiency. Below is a detailed explanation of the hoist's composition, operation principle, and maintenance essentials.
The rotary drilling rig hoist consists of the following parts:
Power Unit: Usually a hydraulic motor that provides the power needed for the hoist.
Steel Wire Rope and Drum: The steel wire rope is wound on the drum, and its rotation facilitates winding and unwinding.
Transmission System: Includes gears, chains, or belts to transfer power from the hydraulic motor to the drum.
Brake System: Ensures the steel wire rope remains fixed during idle or non-operational states, preventing load slippage.
Control System: Operates the hoist's start, stop, and speed adjustments, often using hydraulic controls.
The hoist operates based on the hydraulic power transmission system. The basic working process is as follows:
Starting the Power Unit
The hydraulic pump delivers hydraulic oil to the motor, converting hydraulic energy into mechanical energy to drive the drum's rotation.
Winding and Unwinding the Steel Wire Rope
When the drum rotates forward, the steel wire rope is wound onto the drum, lifting the load.
When the drum rotates backward, the steel wire rope is unwound, lowering the load.
Load Control
Hydraulic pressure adjustments and the braking system ensure smooth and safe load movement.
Anti-slip devices prevent the steel wire rope from slipping under special working conditions.
Precise Positioning
By adjusting the hoist's running speed and direction through the control system, accurate positioning of the load is achieved.
To ensure the hoist operates smoothly and prolong its service life, the following maintenance measures should be taken:
Steel Wire Rope Inspection
Regularly check for wear and broken strands, replacing as necessary.
Keep the steel wire rope lubricated to prevent rapid wear due to friction.
Hydraulic System Maintenance
Check the cleanliness and level of hydraulic oil, and replace the oil and filters regularly.
Ensure the hydraulic motor and pump are sealed properly to prevent leaks.
Drum and Transmission System Maintenance
Inspect the drum for smooth operation and check for wear on gears, chains, or belts.
Regularly lubricate transmission parts to avoid mechanical damage from lack of oil.
Brake System Inspection
Ensure the brakes are sensitive and reliable, adjusting or replacing brake pads as needed.
Test the brake system before operation to ensure quick stopping in emergencies.
Control System Calibration
Regularly calibrate the hydraulic control system to ensure the hoist's speed and accuracy meet design specifications.
Check that the control panel switches and buttons are functioning properly.
Steel Wire Rope Tangling or Kinking
Cause: Uneven drum speed or insufficient rope tension.
Solution: Adjust the hoist's operation speed and increase rope tension.
Drum Slippage
Cause: Insufficient friction between the drum and steel wire rope or brake failure.
Solution: Increase friction or repair the brake system.
Insufficient Hydraulic Motor Power
Cause: Low hydraulic oil levels or reduced hydraulic pump efficiency.
Solution: Check the hydraulic oil level and clean or replace the hydraulic pump.
The hoist in a rotary drilling rig is a critical piece of equipment, and its performance directly affects construction efficiency and safety. By understanding its composition and working principles and implementing effective maintenance measures, the service life of the hoist can be extended, the occurrence of malfunctions reduced, and smooth construction operations ensured.
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