Causes And Solutions for Rotary Drilling Rig Track Chain Derailment

The track system of a rotary drilling rig is a critical component for its mobility and support. Track chain derailment is one of the common malfunctions during construction. It not only affects project progress but can also damage other parts of the equipment. Understanding the causes and solutions for track chain derailment is essential for enhancing operational efficiency and extending the equipment's service life.

Common Causes of Track Chain Derailment

1. Complex Ground Conditions
   Rotary drilling rigs often operate in harsh environments, such as muddy, soft, or uneven ground. These terrains may cause uneven force distribution on the tracks, increasing the likelihood of derailment.

2. Insufficient Track Tension
   The tension of the track chain is crucial for keeping it on the track. If the track is too loose, the chain may derail during turning or when uneven ground pressure is applied.

3. Obstructions
   During construction, the track chain may become obstructed by stones, branches, or soil, causing it to malfunction and derail.

4. Wear and Tear
   Prolonged use of the rotary drilling rig can lead to wear or aging of the track chain and guiding wheels. If these parts are damaged or lack lubrication, the chain's operation may deviate from its track.

5. Improper Operation
   Rapid turning or driving on unsuitable terrain can increase the risk of derailment. The operator's experience and skill significantly influence the smooth functioning of the track system.

Solutions for Track Chain Derailment

1. Stop Operations and Inspect
   When derailment is detected, stop the rig immediately, ensure safety, and inspect the cause of derailment. Focus on the ground conditions, track tension, and any obstructions.

2. Clear Obstructions
   If obstacles are found in the chain or track, remove them to ensure a clean working environment for the track and chain. Use a pressure washer or brush to clear mud and debris around the track.

3. Adjust Track Tension
   If insufficient tension caused the derailment, adjust the tension according to the equipment manual. Typically, the tension can be modified using hydraulic cylinders or adjustment bolts. Ensure the track is neither too loose nor too tight to prevent future derailments.

4. Reposition the Chain onto the Track
   If the track chain has completely derailed, use tools like crowbars or jacks to reposition it onto the guiding wheels and track plates. This process requires teamwork and attention to safety.

5. Replace Worn Components
   Replace severely worn parts such as chains or guiding wheels promptly. Check other connected components to ensure normal operation, and regularly lubricate the chain and guiding wheels to reduce friction and wear.

6. Seek Professional Repair
   If the issue cannot be resolved independently, contact professional technicians for a thorough inspection and repair. Avoid forced operation, which could result in further damage or malfunctions.

Preventive Measures for Track Chain Derailment

1. Regular Inspection and Maintenance
   Regularly inspect all parts of the track system, including the chain, guiding wheels, and tension devices. Remove mud and debris promptly and lubricate key components.

2. Modify Operational Practices
   Avoid sharp turns and high-speed travel in complex terrains. Ensure stable operations, and train operators to understand the rig's capabilities and master operational skills.

3. Monitor Ground Conditions
   Before construction, clear large stones and debris from the ground or reinforce soft terrain to reduce derailment risks.

4. Maintain Proper Track Tension
   Adjust the track tension based on construction conditions and equipment usage to keep the chain in optimal operating condition.

Conclusion

Track chain derailment is a common issue during rotary drilling rig operations, caused by factors such as ground conditions, insufficient tension, worn parts, and improper operation. By implementing effective solutions such as clearing obstructions, adjusting tension, and replacing damaged parts, derailment can be resolved efficiently. Regular inspections and scientific operation can significantly reduce derailment risks, enhance equipment performance, and ensure construction safety.